Python自动化办公应用学习笔记49—Word文档自动化处理5

七、高级功能

1.合并多个文档

from docxcompose.composer import Composer

def merge_documents(file_paths, output_path):

"""合并多个Word文档"""

master = Document(file_paths[0])

composer = Composer(master)

for path in file_paths[1:]:

doc = Document(path)

composer.append(doc)

composer.save(output_path)

2. 添加页码

from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

def add_page_number(footer):

run = footer.paragraphs[0].add_run()

fldChar = OxmlElement('w:fldChar')

fldChar.set('{http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main}fldCharType', 'begin')

run._r.append(fldChar)

run._r.append(OxmlElement('w:instrText').set('xml:space', 'preserve', ' PAGE'))

run._r.append(OxmlElement('w:fldChar').set('{http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main}fldCharType', 'end'))

动态页码

from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

def add_page_number(footer):

run = footer.paragraphs[0].add_run("第 ")

fldChar = OxmlElement('w:fldChar')

fldChar.set(qn('w:fldCharType'), 'begin')

run._r.append(fldChar)

instrText = OxmlElement('w:instrText')

instrText.set(qn('xml:space'), 'preserve')

instrText.text = "PAGE"

run._r.append(instrText)

fldChar = OxmlElement('w:fldChar')

fldChar.set(qn('w:fldCharType'), 'end')

run._r.append(fldChar)

run.add_run(" 页")

add_page_number(doc.sections[0].footer)

3.内容替换与标记

def replace_text(doc, old_text, new_text):

"""全局文本替换"""

for paragraph in doc.paragraphs:

if old_text in paragraph.text:

paragraph.text = paragraph.text.replace(old_text, new_text)

for table in doc.tables:

for row in table.rows:

for cell in row.cells:

if old_text in cell.text:

cell.text = cell.text.replace(old_text, new_text)

def highlight_keyword(doc, keyword):

"""高亮显示关键词"""

for paragraph in doc.paragraphs:

for run in paragraph.runs:

if keyword in run.text:

run.font.highlight_color = WD_COLOR_INDEX.YELLOW

run.font.bold = True

4.分页与分节控制

# 添加分页符

doc.add_page_break()

# 添加分节符（下一页）

doc.add_section()

# 添加分节符（连续）

from docx.enum.section import WD_SECTION

new_section = doc.add_section(WD_SECTION.CONTINUOUS)

5.文档差异比较

def compare_documents(doc1_path, doc2_path, output_html):

"""比较两个文档差异"""

from difflib import HtmlDiff

def get_paragraphs_text(doc_path):

doc = Document(doc_path)

return [p.text for p in doc.paragraphs]

doc1_text = get_paragraphs_text(doc1_path)

doc2_text = get_paragraphs_text(doc2_path)

html_diff = HtmlDiff().make_file(doc1_text, doc2_path)

with open(output_html, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:

f.write(html_diff)

6 提取图片

import re

from docx.parts.image import ImagePart

for rel in doc.part.rels.values():

if "image" in rel.target_ref:

image_part = rel.target_part

with open(f"image_{rel.rId}.png", "wb") as f:

f.write(image_part.blob)

八、性能优化

备份文档：操作前创建文档副本

错误处理：添加异常捕获机制

资源释放：及时关闭文档和Word进程

样式重用：使用预定义样式提高一致性

批量处理：使用循环处理多个文件

1.性能优化

# 批量处理优化示例

import os

def batch_process_folder(input_folder, output_folder, process_function):

"""批量处理文件夹中的文档"""

os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)

for filename in os.listdir(input_folder):

if filename.endswith('.docx'):

input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, filename)

output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, filename)

try:

doc = Document(input_path)

process_function(doc) # 自定义处理函数

doc.save(output_path)

print(f"已处理: {filename}")

except Exception as e:

print(f"处理失败 {filename}: {str(e)}")

2.常见问题解决方案